Energy value

Information

The energy value is determined by the chemical composition of the food product, by means of the so-called. physiological equivalents energy., determining the value of metabolic energy contained in 1 g of the component. Most commonly used is the equivalent of Atwater: protein 4 kcal/g for carbohydrates 4kcal/g, and for fat 9kcal/g.

Protein

Information

Proteins (proteins, polypeptides) is a polymer, of which the basic units (monomers) are amino acids. Protein is composed of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen and sulfur, and is an elementary nutrient necessary for the proper functioning of the body, an ingredient and a component of tissues, part of the hormones and enzymes and other bioactive substances. Protein determines the proper metabolism and energy processes, as well as all other life processes. The sources of natural proteins are foods of animal origin (including meat, fish, eggs, dairy products) and plant origin (legumes, soy). Deficiency of protein leads to protein malnutrition and a significant weakening of the body. It can lead to anaemia, reduced immunity, muscle relaxation, disorders of the digestive system. Also, overdose protein is undesirable because it can lead to acidification of the body, and interfere with the digestive system and an increase in the concentration of homocysteine ​​in the blood. It is a component of many supplements and nutrients necessary for the proper functioning of the body, both showing a low physical activity, or training the strength and endurance competitions.
Dosage: strength athletes: approx. 1.7 - 2.5 g / 1 kg of body weight; endurance athletes and strength -endurance athletes approx. 1.3 - 2 g / 1 kg of body weight, people with low activity approx. 0.8 - 1.1 g / 1 kg of body weight / 24h. In estimating the amount of protein, you should take into account the intake of other nutrients (carbohydrates and fats)

Carbohydrates

Information

Carbohydrates are an essential nutrient. They are divided into: simple sugars (monosaccharides), disaccharides and polysaccharides. In terms of the human bioavailability of carbohydrates is divided into: digestabe, those which are digested in the gastrointestinal tract by transferring energy to the tissues or cells (such as starch, fructose) and indigestable, resistant to digestive enzymes (e.g. cellulose) . Affects blood glucose levels (glycemic index) and the metabolism of insulin (insulin index). The greatest demand for carbohydrates occurs before physical activity or in the middle of it, because they increase the exercise capacity, consumed after exercise provide regeneration. In the sports diet the absorption rate it is important of carbohydrates and reactions of the organism. Available in mono-preparation supplements and part of the energetic supplements, creatine stacks, nitrogen boosters.
Dosage: according to the statistics of the Institute of Food and Nutrition, carbohydrates should comprise about 50% of daily energy intake. In some diets, used residual carbohydrate consumption, not exceeding 30g / 24h.

Sugars

Information

Sugars - is the term used to refer to the crystal structure of the carbohydrate (sugar), characterized by a sweet taste. This group includes: sucrose (obtained from sugar cane and sugar beets and natural foods), fruit sugars (fructose) and glucose. Carbohydrate intake should not exceed 10% of the energy consumed during the day meals. Excess intake of sugars leading to diseases, including diabetes, atherosclerosis and obesity. Particular caution should be performed carbohydrate intake by athletes of sculpting disciplines and people on a diet. A greater need for carbohydrates, due being easily accessible sources of energy, may be in the periods before and after workouts and before and after the fight. Preparations available at www.muscle-zone.pl

Fat

Information

Fat is an essential nutrient plant and animal organisms. Because of the nutritional value and composition of fats are divided into: saturated (mono-saturated and multi-saturated fatty acids) and unsaturated fatty acids (including essential fatty acids - EFA). The group of lipids include lipids (triacylglycerols, waxes), complex fats (glycolipids, phospholipids), sterols and isoprenoids. Saturated fatty acids is a group of fatty acids having different carbon chain lengths, in which except for the carboxyl group, each of the carbon atoms is bound by a single bond. May adversely affect the lipid profile, so they can be used in limited quantities. Fats are a concentrated source of energy, with different flavours, facilitating the consumption and swallowing of food. They have building functions (part of cell membranes and co-create the white matter of the brain). EFAs are precursors of tissue hormones and biologically active compounds. The unsaturated fatty acids include fatty acids from the group Omega-3, Omega-6 and Omega-9 (the last digit indicates, on which, counting of the end of the chain, there is a double bond in the appropriate carbon chain. The essential fatty acids include: acids, medium-Omega-3 [n-3 ] included in EFAs [essential fatty acids], and long chain (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) Omega-6 and Omega-9. the number indicates that the last double bond in the carbon chain is on the third from the end carbon atom. The acids from the omega 3 group are essential components of cell membranes, they are precursors of eicosanoids and biological activators. They must be combined with ingestion in suitable proportions of Omega-6 acids.
Dosage: Depending on demand and applied diet. It is generally accepted that fats should constitute 20-30% of the energy (calorie) of meals daily.

Saturated fatty acids

Information

Saturated fatty acids are a group of fatty acid having different carbon chain lengths, in which except for the carboxyl group, each of the carbon atoms is linked by a single bond. Saturated fatty acids are commonly known as bad fat, which might adversely affect the cholesterol level, in particular by the action of acids: lauric, myristic, palmitic, and therefore their consumption should be reduced. Research carried out in this matter do not confirm entirely the prevailing beliefs.

Salt

Information

Salt (sodium chloride, or table salt), natural source of electrolytes (chlorine and potassium), regulating water and electrolyte and acid-base balance of the body, affecting the nervous system and blood pressure. Sodium is an essential element for the proper growth. The proper dose of salt prevents overheating of the body and solar stroke. It provides the proper functioning of muscles and nerves the body. Chlorine in combination with sodium, is involved in the digestive process and maintains acid-base balance in the body, as antitoxin removes toxic products of metabolism in the liver. Salt is a flavour component and preservative of many foods, nutritional supplements and mixtures of electrolytes, available at www.muscle-zone.pl

Dosage: no specific standards of consumption, used so as to provide sufficient amount of electrolytes to the body (sodium and chloride).

Vitamin E

Information

Vitamin E (tocopherol) is a fat soluble. Due to its antioxidant action, it is a protection of other vitamins (e.g. Vitamins A). Protects the body against free radicals, strengthens the walls of blood vessels and its capacity, causing their dilation and dissolution of blood clots. With the reduction of coagulation, it is used as an antiatherogenic medicine, it allows for the proper course of pregnancy. In cooperation with selenium it slows the ageing process of cells, strengthening connective tissue. In the food it is present in whole-grain bread, sprout and grains, vegetable oils (soybean, sunflower), soya beans and sunflower seeds, vegetable fat and hen egg yolks. Also it is used in sports medicine in the form of nutrients and supplements.
Vitamin E deficiency reduces building of red blood cells, results in changes in muscle and disorders of pregnancies.
Dosage: for children, 0.5 mg / 1 kg of weight; for adults 10-30 mg per day.

Vitamin C

Information

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) it is a vitamin soluble in body fluids, can be taken from foods (fruits and vegetables), or as drug derived synthetically. The largest of its resources can be found in broccoli, Brussels sprout, kale, black currant fruit and hawthorn, citrus fruits, tomatoes, Savoy cabbage, potatoes. In fact, intake of vitamin C of the food products does not limit the absorbed quantity. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a potent antioxidant, it is an antitoxic, increasing the immune system due to the elimination of risk of bacterial contamination. Vitamin C prevents rupture of blood vessels, affects the blood cholesterol level. It substantially increases the absorption of iron. Inhibits the growth of cancer cells. Lowers stress levels.
Vitamin C deficiency causes abnormal development of connective tissue, cracking capillaries, abnormal calcification of bone tissue, impaired absorption of iron, scorbutus. With the lack of vitamin C, all kinds of injuries do not heal up properly. Vitamin C deficiency can be caused by smoking; each cigarette is destroying up to 100 mg of vitamin C.
Dosage: The demand is 60-80 mg daily. It does not limit the ability to consume higher doses. Some side effects may occur only with longer taking of synthetic vitamin C.

Ascorbic acid

Information

Ascorbic acid – vitamin C. Its biologically active form is the L-isomer, which negatively rotates the polarised light, so that it is a dextroisomer (laevorotatory vitamin C does not exist). It is a strong antioxidant; it reduces the amounts of free radicals, which reduces oxidative stress, a factor leading to cell apoptosis, which is why it is indicated to be a cause for premature ageing.

It supports the immune system functions and increases body system immunity. It is an essential element of the collagen synthesis path, which is why it positively affects the condition of connective tissue. Hence, it promotes also wound healing and increases the durability of capillary vessel. It is involved in transformations of tyrosine and carnitine as well as of some nutrients, so that it affects metabolism. It can also have an impact on the nervous system functions, as it reduces mental fatigue.

Higher supply of vitamin C is especially recommended in the periods of more intensive body system burden, after infections and in order to accelerate regeneration. The indications for increased supply of the vitamin are also hard physical work or intensive trainings.

Vitamin B1 (thiamine)

Information

Vitamin B1 (thiamin, vitamin B) improves mental alertness and strengthens the nervous system ensuring the proper functioning of the brain. It improves cardiac and muscular system. It is suportive in the treatment of shingles. Involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. Natural source of vitamin B1 are brown bread, yeast, eggs, raw vegetables, meat, milk, legumes, cheese.
Vitamin B1 deficiency hinders the processes of decomposition of sugars (catabolism), causes a loss of appetite and disorders in the functioning of the digestive tract, can cause polyneuritis and disease beriberi.
Dosage: Recommended daily intake is 1-2 mg.

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

Information

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) is soluble in liquids, is involved in the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Required for growth of the organism. Takes part in the production of erythrocytes (red blood cells). It is located in natural foods, such as yeast, meat (especially liver, kidney, heart), milk, fish and green leafy vegetables.
A deficiency of vitamin B2 inhibits the growth, diseases of the mouth, loss and greasy hair, seborrhea and stratification of nails. Increases skin roughness and susceptibility to acne and oily skin.
Dosage: 1-2 mg per day.

Vitamin B3

Information

Vitamin B3 (vitamin PP, niacin, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide) is niacinamide niacin. It is used in interaction with vitamins B1, B2 and B6 in the synthesis of hormones during lactation. It provides proper functioning of the brain and nervous system. It is helpful in inflammatory conditions of the skin. Required for synthesis of sex hormone, estrogen, testosterone, cortisone, and insulin. It does not lose its properties in the manufacturing and storage. The source of acquiring vitamins PP are both products of animal origin (the lean meat, eggs, fish) and vegetable origin (dates, figs, hazelnuts, plums).
Dosage: 2-12 mg / day for children, 14 mg / day for women, 16 mg / day for men and 17-18 mg / day for pregnant or nursing women.

Nicotinic acid amide (Nicotinamide)

Information

Nicotinic acid amide – also known as nicotinamide, belongs to a group of compounds referred to as vitamin B3, along with nicotinic acid and inositol hexanicotinate. It exerts its main biological activity as a precursor to two key coenzymes for efficient energy metabolism of the body: nicotinamide adenine dinucletodide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. They are responsible for carrying hydrogen and electrons in the respiratory chain and thus facilitate efficient energy production by the human body.

Nicotinamide supplementation is recommended for active persons not only because of its ability to promote the body’s energy efficiency. It has also a beneficial impact on mind, increases tolerance to stressors and may reduce symptoms of depression. It is pointed out that niacin supplementation correlates positively with sleep quality.

Unlike nicotinic acid, nicotinamide does not show the ability to produce a “flush effect”, namely redness in the face caused by taking large doses of niacin. It has been also shown to influence partly cardiovascular function.

Nicotinamide is also indicated to influence beneficially the absorption of other B vitamins and vitamin D. This compound should be taken with caution by diabetics because it can increase the body’s demand for insulin.

Vitamin B6

Information

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine) is soluble in the liquid. It participates in the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. By reducing the amount of fat in the blood do not enable deposition of the body. It helps the absorption of magnesium and vitamin B12 (cobalamin). It works on the muscle antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory pain in the joints. It acts anti. It provides efficient operation of the brain. It increases energy increasing vigor of a man. The demand for vitamin B6 increases during pregnancy and breast-feeding infants. The natural product is: yeast, eggs, wheat germ, meat (liver), wheat bran, nuts, peanuts peanuts, soybeans. There is a hypothesis that can be synthesized by intestinal bacteria.
Deficiency of vitamin B6 causes abnormal metabolism of proteins, decrease in lymphocytes in the blood, causes a feeling of lethargy and fatigue intensifies.
Dosage: 1.5-2.5 mg daily (increased demand during pregnancy and lactation).

Pyridoxine hydrochloride

Information

What is pyridoxine hydrochloride?

Pyridoxine hydrochloride is a basic, the most commonly used form of vitamin B6 in supplements and fortified foods. It is a vitamin soluble in water. It converts to the active form of the vitamin - pyridoxal phosphate.

Vitamin B6 is a cofactor in many enzymatic reactions. It takes part in the production of many neurotransmitters, such as GABA, serotonin and catecholamines and it takes part in the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates and lipids. It is an important factor for the process of the creation of red cells and hemoglobin and its deficit may be one of the factors causing anemia. This vitamin contributes to maintaining proper energy metabolism and is important for maintaining well-being and good psychological condition. Its presence supports the breakdown of pro-inflammatory homocysteine to cysteine and further metabolites, thanks to which it may decrease the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiological incidents.

Pyridoxine hydrochloride may be found in many vitamin B complexes and vitamin-mineral preparations available in the offer of muscle-zone.pl.

Folic acid

Information

Folic acid - also known as vitamin B9, is a synthetic form of naturally occurring folates. It needs to be transformed to folates in order to be biologically active also in the human organism. Therefore, its supplementation is recommended to people who do not have problems with methylation processes.

The majority of people associate folic acid with the period of pregnancy. It is definitely a justified association. Proper supply of vitamin B9 conditions correct development of the fetus and prevents disorders of neural tube defects in a baby.

Supplementation with folic acid also demonstrates positive influence on the functions of the nervous system of adults. Some sources say that it is conducive to maintaining beneficial emotional states. Moreover, folic acid takes part in the process of erythropoiesis, thanks to which it enables efficient production of red cells.

Supplementation with folic acid should be also considered by men who deal with low sperm quality. It was proven that complementing the level of vitamin B9 is conducive to increasing reproductive abilities of men.

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

Information

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin, cyanocobalamin) is a vitamin soluble in liquids. Participates in the production of red blood cells and is essential in the absorption of iron by the body. It calming effect, a positive effect on concentration and memory. Intensifies its action in cooperation with folic acid (vitamin M). Usually occurs in animal products, fish and dairy products. It contains trace elements.
Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to pernicious anaemia, general and immunity weakness, inhibiting of growth and damage to the myelin sheath of nerves.

Cyanocobalamin

Information

What is cyanocobalamin?

Cyanocobalamin is a basic, the most commonly met form of vitamin B12 in vitamin B complexes and multivitamins available on the market.

Vitamin B12 is the most known for its influence on neurology. It takes part in building and regenerating myelin sheaths of neurons, thanks to which it contributes to the protection of the nervous system against damages. Because of the ability to increase the level of S-Adenosyl methionine, vitamin B12 may contribute to more efficient synthesis of many neurotransmitters, thanks to which it positively influences well-being and psychical condition.

This vitamin is also engaged in the process of blood production and its deficiencies contribute to the creation of megaloblastic anemia. Its deficits may also concern vegetarians and vegans, elderly people, people with absorption disorders and those using drugs neutralizing gastric acid.

Cyanocobalamin is included in the composition of many complex vitamin supplements that may be found in the offer of muscle-zone.pl.

Biotin

Information

Biotin (vitamin H, co-enzyme R) is in a group of B vitamins, due to the presence of sulphur compounds it is involved in the synthesis of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Also synthesized in the intestines. It enhances the production of hormones and regulates cholesterol levels. It reduces muscle pain. It prevents hair loss and graying of hair. It soothes the skin inflammations. No toxic effects. Often combined with other B group vitamins and vitamin A. The natural sources of biotin are: whole grain bread, yeast, eggs (yolk), milk, brown rice and cheese.

Daily demand: 100-300 mg per day

Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid)

Information

Vitamin B5 (calcium pantothenate, pantothenic acid, pantotenol) is part of a complex of B vitamins affects the development of the central nervous system, is the building substance of cells. In the body synthesized by the intestinal bacteria. It occurs in animal products (meat, kidneys, liver) and plants (wheat germ, wheat bran, nuts, grains, green vegetables). Prevents fatigue and excessive stress, accelerates the healing of cuts and wounds, acts as a stimulant for the side effects of the use of antibiotics. Deficiency causes skin changes, and difficulty in blood clotting.

Calcium

Information

Calcium (element chem. symbol Ca, atomic no. 20, the group of alkaline earth metals) is the basic building substance of bones and teeth, in which stored is 99% of the element, in the form of hydroxylapatite. When building bones and teeth, phosphorus is very important in the right proportion. It is a base-forming element and activator of many enzymes (ATPase) necessary to release the energy of ATP. It has a significant effect on blood clotting and regulates blood pressure and neuromuscular conductivity. Thanks to the reduced permeability of cell membranes, it soothes the symptoms of food allergies. Calcium is actively involved in the metabolism of iron interacts with vitamins A, C and D and phosphorus, magnesium. Natural source of calcium are animal products (dairy products, sardines, salmon, sprats eaten with bones) and plant products (nuts, soybeans, sunflower seeds). Absorption takes place in the small intestine (less in the colon), it has an effect on the level of lactose, insoluble fibre, organic acids, alkalinity (low pH). The best absorption have organic compounds (lactates, amino acid chelates etc.). Obstructing the absorption of calcium is caused by: phytic acid and oxalic acid as well as excess fat. Scientific studies have confirmed that the combination of calcium, magnesium, boron and vitamin D in dose 3 mg / 24h effectively prevent osteoporosis. Supplements on the market are both mono-preparation supplements (enriched with vitamin D3) and multi-component supplements, available at www.muscle-zone.pl.
Calcium deficiency disorders manifested in the construction of the bones (osteoporosis) and iron metabolism. The symptoms are: rickets, cramps and muscle tremor, osteoporosis.
Excess resulting from an overdose of calcium supplements containing vitamin D3 for children and adults overdose of calcium (hypercalcemia). Symptoms of hypercalcemia are: lack of appetite, vomiting and constipation.
The dosage administered in various publications are inconsistent: 800 - 1000 mg / 24 h (100 - 500 mg / 24h)

Alanine

Information

Alanine is an endogenous amino acid (i.e. having the ability to synthesize the human body other amino acids and pyruvate), building up protein. It has a key role in the transport of nitrogen between the muscles and the liver (i.e. Cahill cycle). It allows to transform glucose in non-sugar compounds. During prolonged exercise it enhances metabolism. It occurs in products of animal origin (meat, dairy, eggs) and vegetable origins (legumes, peas). It is used in the form of amino acid supplements in pre- and post-workout preparations. It complements the BCAA. Increased use of supplements with alanine is required in athletic training when high strength and endurance is required (e.g. weights lifting athletes marathon runners etc.).

Arginine

Information

Arginine is an exogenous amino acid, it is a component of dietary proteins, not always synthesized in the human body in necessary quantity, so it is necessary to deliver it in the form of synthetics. It takes part in the biosynthesis agmatine, creatine and nitrogen oxides. The use of supplements containing arginine before workout increases the exercise capacity (strength, endurance). Used after considerable effort intensifies the transfer of energy and building compounds and intensifies the process of recovery. Used at bedtime in combination with lysine and ornithine enhances the synthesis of growth hormone. takes part in the intrasystemic synthesis of creatine. Arginine (as a precursor of ornithine) is involved in the urea cycle, increases the flow of blood in the circulatory system, increases sexual potency (in a short time after application). It affects the body's immunity preventing infections, and lowers blood pressure. In supplements – usually as alpha-ketoglutarate.

Aspartic acid

Information

Aspartic acid - endogenous amino acid, one of the 22 protein amino acids building proteins, broad-chemical properties: a neurotransmitter involved in gluconeogenesis and urea synthesis and purine. It occurs in high-protein natural plant foods, as well as in synthetic forms. L-aspartic acid is used in amino acid supplements and in many mineral supplements (such as zinc or magnesium aspartate, ZMA ingredient) it is a component of aspartame (in combination with phenylalanine). Recently research is carried on the D-aspartic acid (DAA) on animals, showing the influence on the synthesis of testosterone.
L-aspartic acid is used in the sports supplementation, in amino acid supplements, nutritional (protein) and the mineral supplements, available at www.muscle-zone.pl

Cysteine

Information

Cysteine ​​belongs to the group of essential amino acids, synthesized by the body, involved in detoxification of the body. The combination of L-cysteine ​​with glutamine and glycine is involved in the synthesis of glutathione (a powerful antioxidant) and the proteins, enzymes and co-enzymes. Present in the protein product, in smaller amounts in corn and peanuts. The source of the acquisition are also concentrates and whey protein isolates, and preparations containing mixtures of amino acids. Not in the form mono-preparations. It is a component of detoxification, supporting the work of the liver supplements and in supplements improving the cosmetics of the body, usually in the form of L-cystine (two connected cysteine ​​particles) or in the form of NAC.
Dosage: the usual supplementation: 50-500 mg per day.

Cystine

Information

Cystine is an essential amino acid that contains two cysteine molecules joined by a disulphide bond. This bonds many poisons of the body, acts as an antidote (in the process of detoxification). In combination with glycine and glutamine is involved in the synthesis of glutathione. Cystine is present in the vegetable protein products (corn, peanut), and in available concentrates and whey protein isolates, as well as other amino acids.

Glutamic acid

Information

Glutamic acid is one of the 22 amino acids that build proteins, produced in the human body of most of the amino acids (such as glutamine, alpha-ketoglutarate, etc.). It has a function of the stimulating neurotransmitter, allowing for the better memory. It is the precursor of GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid). The use of glutamic acid in sport supplementation has a limited range, due to the possible negative side effects in the nervous system. Replaced by the glutamic acid (glutamine) which is limiting or even eliminatng, side effects. It is present in foods of animal origin and in some plant proteins, is used as an additive for protein supplements and amino acid preparations and to improve flavouring of the dishes. Preparations available at www.muscle-zone.pl

Glutamine

Information

Glutamine (L-glutamine) - endogenous amino acid building proteins, glutamic acid amide. In the human body it is responsible for the synthesis of proteins, acid-base balance and removing ammonia from the organism. With the shortage of energy taken from the muscle tissue, glutamine with alanine participate in the process of gluconeogenesis, and participate in the production of glucose substrate. Glutamine has a direct impact on the proper functioning of the digestive system and immune immunity of the organism. Participates in the synthesis of one of the most powerful antioxidant glutathione. It has anti-catabolic potential. It can be found naturally in foods of animal and vegetable origin, protein supplements. Used as mono- or multi-component amino acid supplements, and supplements improving biological recovery after exercise, often in combination with BCAA.
Dosage: 5-20 g per day (portioned during the day, and after training and waking up). The supplementation uses the minimum dose of 2-15g to 1 serving.

Glycine

Information

Glycine is belongs to 22 essential amino acids (synthesized within the body) constructing proteins, and non-protein component of enzymes i.e. heme. It is a inhibiting neurotransmitter allowing for improvement in sleep comfort even at a dose of 3 g at bedtime. Glycine (as arginine) is a precursor of creatine. It is essential for the synthesis of a strong antioxidant - removing free radicals out of the body - glutathione. It is cholagogic and cholepoiteic. By interfering with the synthesis of growth hormone, accelerates the biological recovery of an organism. Naturally present in foods of plant and animal origin. In the sports supplementation is a component creatine stacks, amino acid supplements, protein supplements based on natural ingredients and carbohydrate and protein.

Histidine

Information

Histidine is one of the 22 amino acids being part of protein - depending on the source of information it is referred to as "relatively exogenous" or "exogenous". The required dosage of this amino acid is very small, and at the same time it should be added that the intestinal microflora can also play a role in meeting the demand for it.

Histidine is a precursor of carnosine, and therefore dipeptide having antioxidant and buffering qualities. Increasing the dose of carnosine in muscles is an effective way to increase strength and endurance, as well as to accelerate recovery after exercise, thus improving the indicators that are extremely important especially in the case of people being engaged in regular physical activity , including professional athletes.

The number of products containing histidine and available on the market is quite limited. This amino acid is mainly added to some of the supplements used before and/or after exercise, as well as to some of the amino acid supplements. It should be noted, however, that it also occurs naturally in foods rich in protein, and thus primarily in meat, eggs and dairy products, as well as in protein supplements.

Histidine is an amino acid which can be converted in the body into glucose. It also takes part in the synthesis of proteins, including hemoglobin.

Dosage: There are no precise data, but as it has already been hinted above - the required dosage of this amino acid is very small.

Isoleucine

Information

Isoleucine is an essential branched amino acid (BCAA), leucine-isomer. It has anti-catabolic action ( protects muscle against decay), glucogenic (an alternative energy source when the level of glucose after exercise decreases, helps for the regulation of blood glucose levels, reduces the deficiency of fatty acids), anti-catabolic (muscle protects against decay), reduces stress. It participates in the synthesis of proteins (including the synthesis of hemoglobin). It is an essential part of the regeneration of damaged tissues of the body, and after intense training. It occurs in products containing animal protein (meat and dairy products, eggs, dairy products) and plant (almonds, walnuts) and dietary supplements.
Isoleucine is applied with other branched chain amino acids: leucine, valine, and in the supplement complex type of BCAA, in the proportions: leucine: isoleucine: valine = 2: 1: 1. The supplements used in competitive sports requiring increased strength, the bigger share of isoleucine is used.
Dosage: No standard daily use. Frequently applied directly after the workout during the decrease of the glucose level of or at fatty acid deficiency.

Leucine

Information

Leucine is an essential amino acid, one of the three branched chain amino acids, ketogenic, its isomer is isoleucine. It affects the secretion of anabolic hormones (insulin, combined carbohydrates), acts on enzymes (mTOR) starting the process of muscle protein synthesis and controlling its course. Protein synthesis by leucine is affecting the development of bones, muscles and skin. It reduces the fat tissue. Without the availability of leucine, protein synthesis is impossible. It naturally occurs in animal products (such as eggs, meat, dairy and fish), plant origin, and as a post-training supplements, BCAA, EAA, no-boosters, creatine stacks, carbohydrate supplements. Ir is also in the form of mono-preparation supplements. It is one of the most important amino acids for the athlete's body, basically in every sports discipline.
Dosage: The demand is 5-10 g / 24h, dosage pre- and post-workout and in the morning after waking up.

Lysine

Information

Lysine belongs to the group of 9 essential amino acids delivered into the body from outside (with food or as a supplement) .It is a building substance of protein (the muscle protein). It is available in food of animal origin (meat, dairy products) and vegetable (legumes). It plays an important role in many physiological processes (absorption of calcium, production of enzymes, hormones and antibodies), and arginine is a component of supplements that increase the synthesis of growth hormone (HGH stimulators). In the form of hydroxylysine (a component of collagen) recommended for the treatment of sports injuries, and prevention. In the case of stress and excessive physical and psychological overloads, it is recommended due to the function of lowering cortisol levels. Also it applies in medicine, in the treatment of anxiety and herpes. The share of lysine intake of daily doses of amino acids should not exceed 5.1%. Available for purchase at www.muscle-zone.pl.
In the processes of digestion of protein matter, as a result of decarboxylation of lysine, may be converted into cadaverine (biogenic amine) having a strong toxicity.
Dosage: the lack of a well-defined standard daily intake of lysine. The supplementation dosages regularly used: with arginine 500 mg - 2g (before bedtime) pre- and post-workout optionally with other amino acids.

Methionine

Information

Exogenous methionine is an amino acid containing sulphur in its composition. It provides multi metabolism, with the indispensable help of vitamin B6. Participates in the synthesis of phospholipids (e.g. Lecithin), carnitine responsible for transport in the body of long-chain fatty acids, burned in the mitochondria cells (organelles in cells with a separate kernel), along with cystine forms cysteine. It is in the body antioxidant function. Natural source of acquisition of methionine are high-protein foods of animal origin (eggs, meat, fish), vegetable (sesame seeds, grain products). Available in all protein and carbohydrate protein and amino acid supplements such EAA and contain so-called all-day amino acids, supporting the liver preparations and cosmetics supporting the growth and condition of hair, skin and nails.

Phenylalanine

Information

Phenylalanine (essential amino acid) is provided from the outside with food or synthetic products. Its source are the high-protein foods and supplements, concentrates: protein, amino acid and nutritional supplements for athletes. Precursor of tyrosine, thyroid hormones and neurotransmitters (adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine), phenylethylamines (neuromodulator) and melanin pigments of hair and skin. Essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system. It has analgesic, antidepressant, and is used as an additive to supplements with thermogenic and stimulating action. It is a component of aspartame.
Excess phenylalanine consumed by people with neurological problems, may reduce the availability of other essential amino acid tryptophan of nervous system and consequently lead to a reduction in serotonin and exacerbate the depression.

Proline

Information

Proline - endogenous amino acid, one of the 22 amino acids building proteins. As a result of the conversion (carried out with the participation of vitamin C) in the form of hydroxy-proline, it is the ingredient of collagen ( basic protein of connective tissue). Influences positively the locomotor system especially in people exposed to an overload (e.g. strength and endurance sports athletes) and during rehabilitation after injury or surgery of locomotor system organs. It is naturally occurring in food, or is synthesized in the body from glutamate. In the dietary supplementation it is a component of high-protein nutrients, amino acid products (in the form of proline or hydroxy-proline), and supporting the functioning of the locomotor system that contains collagen available at www.muscle-zone.pl.
Dosage: No standards for use. Dosage as customarily in supplementation

Serine

Information

Serine belongs to the group of essential amino acids, which is synthesized in the human body, found naturally in the human brain, and soy milk. Its derivative is Phosphatidyl serine. Serine is involved in the synthesis of muscle proteins, it includes activator of protein kinase C (an enzyme localized in the brain), acting positively on the nervous system (improves the functions of association and memory and concentration), increases the ability to receive external stimuli and intensifies the process of information processing. Serine used in food reduces the level of the hormone cortisol located in the catabolic muscle, affecting adversely the metabolism, resulting in a decrease in muscle mass and fat gain. The use of serine affect the rate of convalescence, recovery after injuries and maintaining psychophysical condition. Due to the high price, in supplementation used very rarely. Preparations available at www.muscle-zone.pl
Dosage: as usually used in supplementation

Threonine

Information

Threonine - essential amino acid, or synthesized from food or (and) in the form of supplements. It takes part in the production of new muscle proteins. It is essential for the proper formation of the immune system is maintained in good condition the skin, bones. It affects the normal development of the enamel of teeth and the digestive system by acting positively on the liver and gastric mucosa. It is essential to the proper functioning of the nervous system. On the Polish there are no threonine mono-preparations. Available in the form of blends of amino acids (e.g.the type of EAA) and natural protein supplements.
Deficiency of threonine can cause neurological disorders and increased depression.
Dosage: the lack of standards of daily demand threonine. Doses customarily used in the supplementation.

Tryptophan

Information

Tryptophan is one of the nine essential amino acids that require high protein food consumption, mono-preparation supplements tryptophan, an amino acid type and EAA-day nutrients and protein, which is essential in the process of protein synthesis. A derivative of 5-HTP in the decarboxylation is a precursor of serotonin ((tissue hormone having an effect on blood pressure and peristalsis), and the subsequent processes of melatonin (the hormone sleep). It is used for synthesis of nicotinic acid (niacin, known as vitamin PP). The due to the appetite suppressant is also used in certain weight loss formulations.
Even a small deficiency is dangerous for the course of many physiological processes, can cause the nervous system deterioration of mood, insomnia, and disturbances in the digestive process. Tryptophan deficiency in the long term leads to depression and neurological disorders.
Mono-preparation supplements of tryptophan are recommended as a means of reducing the stress and reducing the feeling of insomnia. A part of the nutritional supplements type of EAA and all-day aminoacids, it is a valuable component of protein supplements. Available in store www.muscle-zone.pl
Doses recommended in supplementation: 500 - 2000 mg at bedtime, alternatively 500 - 1000 mg before meals.

Tyrosine

Information

Tyrosine - endogenous amino acid (synthesized within the body), one of the 22 protein amino acids building. It occurs naturally in animal food products (eggs, dairy, meat). If the deficiency, it can be synthesized by hydroxylation of phenylalanine, capable of being converted to tyrosine in the liver. It is a precursor of neurotransmitters: dopamine (the group of catecholamines, participating in the processes occurring in the nervous system, causing muscle coordination and participates in the synthesis of many hormones) and noradrenaline (counteracting stress, stimulating the heart and circulatory system, and increasing glycogenolysis and lipolysis participating in the processes of energy transformations). Tyrosine is a precursor of thyroid hormones responsible for the rate of change in metabolic processes and pigment (melanin). In the supplementation, preparations containing tyrosine are used in programs reducing body fat (weight loss), improve mood and are stimulants.
Dosage: Customarily 500-2000 mg per day.

Valine

Information

Valine – is a branched essential amino acid, indispensible for the functioning of the nervous system (receiving of sensory information), involved in muscle protein synthesis and energy generation. Administration of additional doses of valine before exercise (or immediately after) has anti-catabolic effect, protecting the proteins and allowing them to rebuild. It is slightly stimulatory (delays symptoms of fatigue during workout), affecting the level and relations of neurotransmitters. It helps to protect the liver. It stimulates an increase in strength and muscle mass, participates in the reduction of body fat. BCAA, EAA, and other mixtures of amino acid supplementation, protein and protein supplements and carbohydrate-stacks, brings positive results in strength and endurance sports.
Valine deficiency can occur in case of increased energy needs of the body, as the result of stress and too much stress load.