Calories

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Calories are the conventional name of the unit expressing the energy value of food, the demand and energy expenditure in human body, which in fact is 1 kilocalorie (1 kcal). 1 kilocalorie is the amount of thermal energy required to heat 1 g of water and 1 degree Celsius. The SI unit of thermal energy is 1 joule (1J), equal to approximately 4,185 kcal.
The energy value is determined by the chemical composition of the food product, by means of the so-called. physiological equivalents. Most often Atwater equivalent is used: ratio for protein 4 kcal / g, for carbohydrates 4kcal / g, and for fat - 9kcal / g.
The energy value carried out with the so-called. "Caloric bomb" is equivalent to the physical energy, amounting to 4.1 kcal per 1 g carbohydrate to 5.65 kcal per 1 g protein, 9.45 kcal per 1 g of fat.
Nutritional value, determines the suitability of a food product for realizing life functions of human, the higher it is - the higher bioavailability and lower quantity for consumption for obtaining the effects.

Carbohydrates

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Carbohydrates are an essential nutrient. They are divided into: simple sugars (monosaccharides), disaccharides and polysaccharides. In terms of the human bioavailability of carbohydrates is divided into: digestabe, those which are digested in the gastrointestinal tract by transferring energy to the tissues or cells (such as starch, fructose) and indigestable, resistant to digestive enzymes (e.g. cellulose) . Affects blood glucose levels (glycemic index) and the metabolism of insulin (insulin index). The greatest demand for carbohydrates occurs before physical activity or in the middle of it, because they increase the exercise capacity, consumed after exercise provide regeneration. In the sports diet the absorption rate it is important of carbohydrates and reactions of the organism. Available in mono-preparation supplements and part of the energetic supplements, creatine stacks, nitrogen boosters.
Dosage: according to the statistics of the Institute of Food and Nutrition, carbohydrates should comprise about 50% of daily energy intake. In some diets, used residual carbohydrate consumption, not exceeding 30g / 24h.

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

Information

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) is soluble in liquids, is involved in the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Required for growth of the organism. Takes part in the production of erythrocytes (red blood cells). It is located in natural foods, such as yeast, meat (especially liver, kidney, heart), milk, fish and green leafy vegetables.
A deficiency of vitamin B2 inhibits the growth, diseases of the mouth, loss and greasy hair, seborrhea and stratification of nails. Increases skin roughness and susceptibility to acne and oily skin.
Dosage: 1-2 mg per day.

Sodium

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Sodium is an important component of the intracellular fluids, and is a regulator of acid-base balance. Along with potassium affects the proper of growth and provides the proper functioning of muscles and nerves. The source of acquisition is table salt (NaCl) and bladderwrack, shellfish, bacon, beef, and of plant beets and carrots. People on salt-free diet should avoid, among others, spicy sauces and smoked meats and sausages.
Sodium deficiency is very rare, at heaving sweating after a long effort (e.g. in the marathon).
Excess sodium increases blood pressure (especially for the elderly), edema and increased thirst. Exceeding the daily dose of 14g a day can cause poisoning.

Vitamin B3

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Vitamin B3 (vitamin PP, niacin, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide) is niacinamide niacin. It is used in interaction with vitamins B1, B2 and B6 in the synthesis of hormones during lactation. It provides proper functioning of the brain and nervous system. It is helpful in inflammatory conditions of the skin. Required for synthesis of sex hormone, estrogen, testosterone, cortisone, and insulin. It does not lose its properties in the manufacturing and storage. The source of acquiring vitamins PP are both products of animal origin (the lean meat, eggs, fish) and vegetable origin (dates, figs, hazelnuts, plums).
Dosage: 2-12 mg / day for children, 14 mg / day for women, 16 mg / day for men and 17-18 mg / day for pregnant or nursing women.

Vitamin B6

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Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine) is soluble in the liquid. It participates in the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. By reducing the amount of fat in the blood do not enable deposition of the body. It helps the absorption of magnesium and vitamin B12 (cobalamin). It works on the muscle antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory pain in the joints. It acts anti. It provides efficient operation of the brain. It increases energy increasing vigor of a man. The demand for vitamin B6 increases during pregnancy and breast-feeding infants. The natural product is: yeast, eggs, wheat germ, meat (liver), wheat bran, nuts, peanuts peanuts, soybeans. There is a hypothesis that can be synthesized by intestinal bacteria.
Deficiency of vitamin B6 causes abnormal metabolism of proteins, decrease in lymphocytes in the blood, causes a feeling of lethargy and fatigue intensifies.
Dosage: 1.5-2.5 mg daily (increased demand during pregnancy and lactation).

Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (P-5-P)

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Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (P-5-P) - the form of vitamin B6, called coenzymatic, considered the best assimilable form of this vitamin by the human organism. This is related to direct metabolic activity of pyridoxal-5-phosphate in the human organism. It does not have to be subjected to biochemical transformations in the organism in order to be able to enter metabolic pathways as a biologically active ingredient.

Vitamin B6 is an incredibly important factor regulating the work of many processes in the organism due to its role in the organism as a coenzyme, essential for the activation of many important enzymes. Thanks to this, it regulates metabolism at many levels and its proper supply is conducive to maintaining homeostasis of the organism.

Another aspect of effectiveness of vitamin B6 is its influence on the normalization of emotional states. It is conducive to relaxation, facilitates falling asleep and falling in a deep, the most valuable sleep. Special influence on P5P on the psyche is proven in women before menstruation, as it demonstrates considerable ability to reduce the symptoms of the pre-menstrual syndrome.

Supplementation with vitamin B6 also demonstrates positive influence on the functions of the nervous system. It is conducive to the nourishment of neuronal tissues and optimizes the secretion of neurotransmitters, thanks to which it promotes nervous transmission and demonstrates neuroprotective properties. It was proven that vitamin B6 may decrease the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease.

Some sources also suggest the ability of pyridoxal 5-phosphate to reduce the risk of cancer. This effectiveness is noted especially in relation to breast cancer.

Pyridoxine hydrochloride

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What is pyridoxine hydrochloride?

Pyridoxine hydrochloride is a basic, the most commonly used form of vitamin B6 in supplements and fortified foods. It is a vitamin soluble in water. It converts to the active form of the vitamin - pyridoxal phosphate.

Vitamin B6 is a cofactor in many enzymatic reactions. It takes part in the production of many neurotransmitters, such as GABA, serotonin and catecholamines and it takes part in the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates and lipids. It is an important factor for the process of the creation of red cells and hemoglobin and its deficit may be one of the factors causing anemia. This vitamin contributes to maintaining proper energy metabolism and is important for maintaining well-being and good psychological condition. Its presence supports the breakdown of pro-inflammatory homocysteine to cysteine and further metabolites, thanks to which it may decrease the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiological incidents.

Pyridoxine hydrochloride may be found in many vitamin B complexes and vitamin-mineral preparations available in the offer of muscle-zone.pl.

Vitamin B9 (Folic acid)

Information

Vitamin B9 (folic acid, folacin, vitamin M) is part of a complex of B vitamins soluble in water. It takes part in the production of red blood cells, in cooperation with vitamin B12, preventing anaemia progression, its molecules are involved in catalysis of hematopoietic processes. Together with vitamins B6 and B12 it helps in the treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia. It eliminates disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract. It affects the proper functioning of the immune system. Necessary during pregnancy, because its deficiency causes neural tube defects in the fetus. The natural ingredient of yeast, eggs, liver, green vegetables and it is synthesized in the gastrointestinal tract by intestinal bacteria.
Dosage: The daily requirement is 0.1-0.2 mg.

Quatrefolic

Information

Quatrefolic is the glucosamine salt of (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate and also an active form of folic acid. It is an innovative nutrient (fourth generation folate) which is well soluble in water and thus absorbed effectively by the body. As an organic compound ranked among B vitamins, it is necessary for normal functioning at the cellular level.

Adding folates to a diet is recommended especially to pregnant and lactating women. These compounds may contribute to healthy foetal development. According to studies, their intake may reduce the incidence of pregnancy complications.

Some sources report that folate supplementation supports cardiovascular function (blood production) and contribute to healthy immune function.

Quatrefolic may affect the metabolism of homocysteine whose levels increase in the body over time. Adding it to a diet may thus prevent the development of dementia and maintain healthy cognitive functions which is vital to adults, especially the elderly.

Salt

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Salt (sodium chloride, or table salt), natural source of electrolytes (chlorine and potassium), regulating water and electrolyte and acid-base balance of the body, affecting the nervous system and blood pressure. Sodium is an essential element for the proper growth. The proper dose of salt prevents overheating of the body and solar stroke. It provides the proper functioning of muscles and nerves the body. Chlorine in combination with sodium, is involved in the digestive process and maintains acid-base balance in the body, as antitoxin removes toxic products of metabolism in the liver. Salt is a flavour component and preservative of many foods, nutritional supplements and mixtures of electrolytes, available at www.muscle-zone.pl

Dosage: no specific standards of consumption, used so as to provide sufficient amount of electrolytes to the body (sodium and chloride).

Calcium folinate

Information

Calcium folinate - a metabolite of tetrahydrofolic acid constituting a perfect form of its supplementation. Tetrahydrofolic acid is a biologically active form of folic acid, especially recommended to people dealing with methylation disorders. Folic acid in the active form is at the same time a promotor of this process, but it requires efficient action for its activation, therefore in case of methylation disorders, folates are the only effective form of supplementation of this compound.

Folic acid is mainly associated with pregnancy. In its active form, it is responsible for the regulation of the development of the neural tube of the fetus, which constitutes a key factor, conditioning its proper development. Providing folates is currently indicated as the most effective form of healthy pregnancy prophylaxis.

Another important aspect of the functionality of tetrahydrofolic acid in the organism is its role in the process of methylation. It positively influences the efficiency of transformations of homocysteine to methionine, thanks to which it demonstrates positive influence on the health of the cardiovascular system. The efficiency of this process is also conducive to maintaining the high concentration of S-adenosyl methionine in the organism. This compound demonstrates special influence on maintaining optimal mental functions and healthy liver.

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

Information

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin, cyanocobalamin) is a vitamin soluble in liquids. Participates in the production of red blood cells and is essential in the absorption of iron by the body. It calming effect, a positive effect on concentration and memory. Intensifies its action in cooperation with folic acid (vitamin M). Usually occurs in animal products, fish and dairy products. It contains trace elements.
Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to pernicious anaemia, general and immunity weakness, inhibiting of growth and damage to the myelin sheath of nerves.

Methylcobalamin

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What is methylcobalamin?

Methylcobalamin is a biologically active form of vitamin B12. It is one of the two forms of this vitamin that may be used as cofactors in various reactions. It differs from popular cyanocobalamin in the presence of methyl group instead of cyanide, thanks to which it releases the organism from the need of neutralizing this harmful factor.

The methyl group from methylcobalamin may be transferred to homocysteine, thanks to which it comes back in the form of methionine in order to be further converted to SAMe, which is the main donor of methyl groups in our organism. These methyl groups may be then used in the processes of creatine production, in neurotransmitter metabolism and as DNA methylation, thanks to which we achieve proper energy level, better well-being and generally better condition of the organism. B12 is a coenzyme for three enzymes: isomerase, methyltransferase and dehalogenase.

Apart from the influence on the nervous system, the supply of vitamin B12 is also very important for the proper synthesis of red cells as well as hemoglobin and anemia prevention.

Methylcobalamin in mono-supplements and complex vitamin preparations may be found in the offer of muscle-zone.pl.

Hydroxocobalamin

Information

What is hydroxocobalamin?

Hydroxocobalamin is one of four available forms of vitamin B12. Its advantage over cyanocobalamin consists in the ease of conversion to biologically active forms. It is sometimes used as an antidote in cyanide poisonings, because of high affinity to its ions. This form of vitamin B12 may be an interesting alternative for people, who for various reasons cannot use methyl group donors and want a better-quality supplement than the popular cyanocobalamin.

Vitamin B12 is incredibly important for maintaining proper energy metabolism and high condition of the nervous system. Because of the influence on neurotransmitter synthesis, it contributes to the improvement of mood and psychological functions. It also takes part in DNA synthesis and creatine production by the possibility of increasing the concentration of SAMe. It also helps to maintain homocysteine level in lower values, as it supports its remethylation to methionine. It also plays an important role in blood-forming processes and regeneration of myelin sheaths in neurons.

Hydroxocobalamin in mono-supplements and complex vitamin preparations may be found in the offer of muscle-zone.pl.

Adenosylcobalamin

Information

Adenosylcobalamin - a biologically active form of vitamin B12, which similarly to its methylated form does not need to undergo additional biochemical transformations in order to enter metabolic pathways in the human organism.

Apart from the best assimilability, adenosylcobalamin is distinguished from other forms of vitamin B12 by its high affinity for regeneration of nervous tissue. It is indicated that this form of cobalamin is engaged in the production of myelin sheaths with key meaning for proper neurotransmission. Apart from this, vitamin B12 is conducive to maintaining optimal functionality of the nervous system, being conducive to the synthesis of neurotransmitters.

Vitamin B12 is also an incredibly important regulator of methylation process, thanks to which its supplementation positively influences metabolism of the whole organism. It is a coenzyme in the conversion reactions of homocysteine to methionine as well as methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA. Because of the first reaction, proper supply of vitamin B12 is also conducive to maintaining high concentrations of S-adenosylmethionine, thanks to which it positively influences mental functions.

Moreover, vitamin B12 is a key regulatory factor, taking part in erythropoiesis, i.e. the process of forming red cells. Its improper supply may be the cause of the development of the so-called vitamin B12 deficiency anemia.

Supplementation with vitamin B12 should be considered especially be people on vegetable diets and those who take drugs from the group of proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) and metformin.

Choline

Information

Choline belongs to the soluble in liquids group of B vitamins. It is an organic nitrogen base containing lecithin, and acetylcholine. Together with inositol is involved in the metabolism of fats and cholesterol metabolism, preventing its accumulation on the walls of arteries and deposits in the gallbladder. With the penetration of the brain, contained lecithin improves its action and improves memory. Used in the treatment of age-related diseases (Alzheimer's). It occurs in plant foods: yeast, wheat germ, lecithin, green leafy vegetables and egg yolks.

Choline Bitartrate

Information

Choline bitartrate a combination of one molecule of tartaric acid and choline, and in this embodiment is a precursor of acetylcholine (neurotransmitter). The human body is able to intracellular synthesis of choline, using the amino acid and vitamin B12. Because of the possibility of shortages of the above mentioned substances, it is necessary to supplement them with supplementation. Choline is a component of lecithin, which is the building substance of cells conditioning the proper functioning of the nervous system, and sphingomyelin, acting as an insulator of nerve tissue. Bitartrate affects the course of fat metabolism. In the sports supplementation of choline, bitartrate is used in the stimulating supplements,, affecting concentration and programs of weight control (fat reduction).
Dosage: 1-3 grams per day.

Magnesium

Information

Magnesium (element from the group of alkaline earth metals, atomic no. 12, a chemical symbol - Mg), one of the most important health microelements, participates in the synthesis process of the disintegration of high energy compounds and processes of transformation of hydrocarbons and fats. It affects the dilation of blood vessels and lower blood pressure, prevents hypercoagulable state. Shortages affect cardiac arrhythmias, malignant muscle cramps, insomnia and anxiety. It is a component of many dietary supplements and found in foods such as whole grain bread, legumes, buckwheat, rice, fish, meat, as well as chocolate, cocoa and nuts.
Dosage of 100 - 500 mg / day

Magnesium citrate

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Magnesium citrate is a salt of magnesium and citric acid. It constitutes one of the best assimilable forms of magnesium, which plays many important functions in the organism. It is responsible, among others, for the proper work of the nervous, immune and muscle systems.

Magnesium has calming effect by decreasing the excitability of nerve cells. Thanks to introducing this element to a diet, we may potentially improve sleep quality and reduce the level of stress.

Positive influence on the circulatory system is another feature of magnesium. It prevents hypertension and storage of cholesterol in the walls of blood vessels (arteries), thanks to which it may prevent diseases related to the circulatory system.

Magnesium also plays a considerable role in the process of muscle contraction, therefore it influences the activity of the whole muscle system. It also takes part in the proper synthesis of protein, the process of cell division and proper course of energy metabolism. It helps to maintain healthy teeth and bones and general electrolyte balance in the organism.

Zinc

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Zinc (chemical element from transition group 12) belongs to the trace elements, it helps maintain acid-base balance of the body, protein, energy, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. It provides bone metabolism and transport of oxygen. It protects the body against free radicals. Necessary for the proper operation of the senses of taste and smell. Positive impact on the process of insulin metabolism in the pancreas. It supports visual adaptation to the dark, has a significant influence on brain function. It is helpful in the treatment of infertility and mental illness.
Zinc deficiency leads to decreased immunity, and growth retardation. Zinc deficiency can occur in case of excessive consumption of simple sugars. In the case of hormonal therapy of women with irregular menstruation, the therapy should be associated with increased consumption of zinc. It can be found in food like: beans, eggs, carrots, beef and pork meat, milk, nuts, citrus fruits, seafood, rice, cottage cheese, lettuce.
Dosage: Daily 12-15 mg zinc. Exceeding the daily dose of 20 mg cause symptoms of poisoning of the body.

Molybdenum

Information

Molybdenum (the element of the chromium groups, atomic no. 42, a chemical symbol Mo) - a trace element involved in the metabolic conversion of carbohydrates and fats and increases the absorption of iron. It is used to treat anaemia. Well affects the mood.. It is a component of many dietary supplements and in foods such as lettuce, cabbage and other leafy green vegetables, whole grains (corn, sunflower, etc.).

Betaine

Information

Betaine (N, N, N-trimethylglycine, the TMG) ​​is methyl glycine derivative participating in the conversion of homocysteine ​​to methionine. It is present in food of plant origin and produced by the body in the liver or kidneys. The medicine uses it in the treatment of gastrointestinal and digestive disorders and hyperhomocysteinemia. In the supplements that increase the level of homocysteine ​​used together with glycocyamine, indirectly influences the endogenous synthesis of creatine. There is no mono-preparation supplement containing betaine. Available in creatine stacks and the detoxicating supplements.